Applying Co-Simulation for an Industrial Conveyor System

This paper describes an industrial application of a new research technology enabling the co-simulation of models in continuous time and discrete event respectively. The application concerns modeling of a conveyor system with trolleys that has tilting capabilities that can be used to compensate for high speeds in curves in order to avoid parcels falling of the trolleys. The main challenge for this kind of physical system is that a system solution here requires both insight into the mechanical physics behavior as well as ways in which the system can be controlled discretely by a software based solution. This paper demonstrates how it is possible to bridge the gap between these two different disciplines in co-simulated models

Co-simulation of Continuous Systems: A Tutorial

Co-simulation consists of the theory and techniques to enable global simulation of a coupled system via the composition of simulators. Despite the large number of applications and growing interest in the challenges, the field remains fragmented into multiple application domains, with limited sharing of knowledge. This tutorial aims at introducing co-simulation of continuous systems, targeted at researchers new to the field

The 14th Overture Workshop: Towards Analytical Tool Chains

This report contains the proceedings from the 14th Overture workshop organized in connection with the Formal Methods 2016 symposium. This includes nine papers describing different technological progress in relation to the Overture/VDM tool support and its connection with other tools such as Crescendo, Symphony, INTO-CPS, TASTE and ViennaTalk

Æstetik og æstetisering

In this issue of Academic Quarter we present a number of different perspectives on the subject of Aestheticization. Our aim is that the present introduction may serve as a suitable frame of reference to the contributions. In order to obtain this, we have chosen a historical structure that takes its point of departure in the rise of philosophical aesthetics during early modernity, from Baumgarten, Kant to Hegel. The contributions of these philosophers on cognitive processes, the beauty of art and nature reflect the development of the modern individualistic subject and the rise of a modern bourgeois culture of education and good manners. In a further perspective, it seems that an emerging late modern culture is developing that breaks away from positions within classic philosophical aesthetics. Resent works of current philosophers and sociologists, among them Wolfgang Welsch, Gernot Böhme and Andreas Reckwitz point to the rise of an aesthetic economy that has given rise to a culture of singularity. I.e. a culture, where an academic middle-class, well-educated within new digital media, has adopted a life style where professional and personal success depends on your ability to stage yourself and your life successfully with unique objects and features. This has led to a general pursuit for culturally authentic objects, and therefore an increasing aestheticization of the world outside the world of art

Semantics of the VDM Real-Time Dialect

All formally defined languages need to be given an unambiguous semantics such that the meaning of all models expressed using the language is clear. In this technical report a semantic model is provided for the Real-Time dialect of the Vienna Development Method (VDM). This builds upon both the formal semantics provided for the ISO standard VDM Specification Language, and on other work on the core of the VDM-RT notation. Although none of the VDM dialects are executable in general, the primary focus of the work presentedhere is on the executable subset. This focus is result of parallel work on an interpreter implementation for VDM-RT that chooses one of the pos-sible interpretations of a given model that is expressed in VDM-RT, based on the semantics presented here

Bidirectional UML Visualisation of VDM Models

The VDM-PlantUML Plugin enables translations between the text based UML tool PlantUML and VDM++ and has been released as a part of the VDM VSCode extension. This enhances already extensive feature-set of VDM VSCode with support for UML. The link between VDM and UML is thoroughly described with a set of translation rules that serve as the base of the implementation of the translation plugin. This is however still an early rendition of the plugin with limited usability due to the loss of information between translations and a lack of workflow optimisations, which we plan to solve in the future

Kupffer cells are central in the removal of nanoparticles from the organism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The study aims at revealing the fate of nanoparticles administered intravenously and intraperitoneally to adult female mice, some of which were pregnant. Gold nanoparticles were chosen as a model because these particles have been found to be chemically inert and at the same time are easily traced by autometallography (AMG) at both ultrastructural and light microscopic levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Gold nanoparticles were injected intravenously (IV) or intraperitoneally (IP) and traced after 1, 4 or 24 hours. For IV injections 2 and 40 nm particles were used; for IP injections 40 nm particles only. The injected nanoparticles were found in macrophages only, and at moderate exposure primarily in the Kupffer cells in the liver. IV injections resulted in a rapid accumulation/clustering of nanoparticles in these liver macrophages, while the uptake in spleen macrophages was moderate. IP injections were followed by a delayed uptake in the liver and included a moderate uptake in macrophages located in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and small intestine. Ultrastructurally, the AMG silver enhanced nanocrystals were found in lysosome-like organelles of the Kupffer cells and other macrophages wherever located.</p> <p>Accumulations of gold nanoparticles were not found in any other organs analysed, i.e. kidneys, brain, lungs, adrenals, ovaries, placenta, and fetal liver, and the control animals were all void of AMG staining.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that: (1) inert gold nanoparticles do not penetrate cell membranes by non-endocytotic mechanisms, but are rather taken up by endocytosis; (2) gold nanoparticles, independent of size, are taken up primarily by Kupffer cells in the liver and secondarily by macrophages in other places; (3) gold nanoparticles do not seem to penetrate the placenta barrier; (4) the blood-brain barrier seems to protect the central nervous system from gold nanoparticles; (5) 2 nanometer gold particles seem to be removed not only by endocytosis by macrophages, and we hypothesize that part of these tiny nanoparticles are released into the urine as a result of simple filtration in the renal glomeruli.</p